Raise a concern
Use the contact form and choose Research integrity or Privacy & data. Identify the journal, submission reference or article title, explain the issue and provide relevant evidence. Please avoid sending unnecessary sensitive personal information.
If you disagree with a submission decision, explain the grounds for reconsideration through the contact form.
Assessment and response
Concerns will be assessed using the available evidence, and the author may be asked to respond or supply supporting material. No particular outcome or response time is guaranteed. Financial interests do not determine whether an error should be corrected.
After publication
Material errors may require a linked correction, expression of concern or retraction. A notice should explain the reason and preserve a transparent record. Content may need to be restricted or removed where necessary to address a legal obligation, serious privacy issue or other substantial harm.
Disagreement with a conclusion alone is not evidence of misconduct. The response should be proportionate to the issue and clearly distinguish correction from retraction.
Last updated: October 19, 2026